Abrasive tools are tools for grinding and polishing. Most abrasive tools are artificial tools made of abrasives and binders, and also natural abrasives directly processed from natural minerals and rocks.

Abrasive tools are divided into natural abrasives and artificial abrasives according to their raw material sources. The only natural abrasive tools commonly used in the machinery industry are oilstones. According to the basic shape and structural characteristics, man-made abrasive tools can be divided into five categories: grinding wheel, grinding head, oilstone, sand tile and coated abrasive tools. In addition, abrasives are customarily classified as one kind of abrasive tools.

In addition to being widely used in machinery manufacturing and other metal processing industries, abrasives are also used in grain processing, paper industry and the processing of non-metallic materials such as ceramics, glass, stone, plastic, rubber and wood.

The main characteristics of abrasive tools include abrasive, particle size, hardness, structure and binder. Proper selection according to different uses can directly improve the processing quality and production efficiency.

Abrasive Materials:

The abrasives used by abrasive tools mainly include brown corundum, white corundum, black silicon carbide and green silicon carbide.

Brown corundum has high toughness and is suitable for grinding carbon steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, hard bronze and other materials with high tensile strength. White corundum has higher hardness and better cutting performance than brown corundum. It is suitable for fine grinding of quenched steel, high carbon steel, high-speed tools and other materials.

Black silicon carbide is high in hardness, brittle and sharp. It is suitable for grinding and cutting materials with low tensile strength, such as cast iron, glass, ceramics, stone, refractory, etc.

The purity of green silicon carbide is higher than that of black silicon carbide. It is suitable for grinding hard and brittle materials such as cemented carbide, optical glass, gem, agate, etc.

Grain Size:

The choice of grain size mainly depends on the machining accuracy and production efficiency of the workpiece surface. Coarse and medium abrasive tools are suitable for rough machining and semi finishing, while fine abrasive tools are used for finishing and ultra finishing. The physical and mechanical properties to be grinded are also the factors that determine the particle size. The materials with low hardness, high ductility and toughness should be processed with coarse-grained abrasive tools, while the materials with high hardness and brittleness should be processed with fine-grained abrasive tools.

Organization:

The structure of abrasive tool refers to the volume ratio of abrasive, binder and pore. Less abrasive and larger porosity are called loose structure, and vice versa.

The abrasive tools with close organization are suitable for fine grinding, forming grinding and processing of workpieces with small space and high surface finish requirements.

Abrasive tools with medium structure are widely used for grinding general reserved workpieces.

The loose structure grinding tool is suitable for grinding with large contact surfaces such as plane and inner circle, and for grinding the workpiece sensitive to expansion and the workpiece of soft materials.

Hardness:

The strength of the abrasive on the surface of an abrasive tool held together by a bond. Or under the action of external force, the difficulty of falling off is called the hardness of abrasive tools.

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