1. Abrasives should first have a fairly high hardness. The abrasive hardness is higher than the workpiece being processed. Generally, the higher the abrasive hardness, the better the cutting performance and the better the wear resistance.

2. Abrasive must have a certain degree of toughness to maintain the cutting edge of the abrasive. The toughness of the abrasive is the ability to resist crushing during the grinding process. Abrasives with too low toughness will quickly break up during grinding, making it difficult to effectively grind. If the toughness of the abrasive is too high, the abrasive will not break even after it becomes dull, which will reduce the grinding efficiency. Therefore, the abrasive must have a certain degree of toughness and a certain degree of self-sharpening, so that the abrasive grains become blunt and shatter under a certain working pressure, exposing a new sharp cutting edge to continue effective grinding.

3. Abrasive should be a material that can be granulated and processed into a wide range of sizes and uniform particle morphology and size. For grinding processing, in order to obtain the required processing accuracy and efficiency, the abrasive must be granulated and processed into uniform and neat particles with a certain size. Therefore, materials that are difficult to process into particles are not suitable for abrasives. For example, the hardness of cemented carbide is very high, but its toughness is also quite high, it is difficult to process and granulate, not suitable for making abrasives.

4. Abrasive must have high temperature stability. During the grinding process, the contact area between the abrasive and the workpiece will generate a lot of heat, and the local temperature can be as high as 1500°C. Therefore, the abrasive should be able to maintain its inherent hardness and excellent mechanical properties under the high temperature generated by grinding.

5. Abrasive should be chemically stable. Under the high temperature of grinding, there is often a certain chemical reaction between the abrasive and the processed material. Grinding is not a purely mechanical process, chemical reactions also play a very important role in it. Therefore, the abrasive should have chemical stability to avoid chemical reactions with the workpiece, the abrasive bond and the grinding coolant.

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